• 专利附录
  • 专利说明
  • 权利要求
  • 类似技术
  • 同族专利
  • 引用文献
  • 法律状态
  • 优先权
    • 专利摘要:
    The invention relates to a device for controlling electrochemical energy storage, comprising connections for at least a first electrochemical energy store (1), connections for at least a second electrochemical energy store (2), and at least one load connection (3), wherein a coupling unit (4) for alternative connection the first energy storage device (1) or the second energy storage device (2) with the load connection (3) is provided, and a control unit (5) activating the coupling unit (4) is provided for polling in particular electrical parameters of the first energy storage device (1) and of the second energy store (2) is set up. The invention further relates to a system with such a device and method for controlling such a system.
    公开号:AT515034A1
    申请号:T836/2013
    申请日:2013-10-31
    公开日:2015-05-15
    发明作者:Marcus Escuyer
    申请人:Bakosch Georg；
    IPC主号:
    专利说明:

    Device for controlling electrical energy storage
    The invention relates to a device for controlling electrical energy storage, a system with such a device and method for controlling such a system.
    Conventional electrochemical battery systems for storing electrical energy are typically based on conventional lead-acid batteries. Such lead-acid batteries are inexpensive but, due to their construction, have a sometimes very limited useful life. Particular requirements for cycle stability, ie the ability to be charged and discharged frequently, are poorly met by lead-acid batteries. While the cost of these batteries is low, the cost of life cycles is significantly increased due to the need for frequent battery replacement, and often can not be argued from the point of view of economics.
    Newer battery technologies - most notably lithium-based batteries - very well meet the requirement of cycle life, but are much more expensive to buy than lead-acid batteries.
    For this reason, there is a high demand for battery systems in the form of a combination of two or more different electrochemical energy storage devices in order to increase the lifetime of the overall system while keeping the cost of acquisition within reasonable limits. Such battery systems provide connections to connect at least first and second electrochemical energy storage devices to a load.
    However, the interplay of and interactions between different coupled rechargeable battery systems is largely unexplored. Ideal would be a combination of cheap lead-acid batteries with limited cycle life with an expensive lithium battery with high cycle life.
    However, due to various requirements in terms of charging and discharging methods, deep discharge protection, or over-charging and over-temperature protection devices, these battery systems are not combinable without an option.
    The object of the invention is to provide a device for combining different electrochemical energy stores, wherein said problems are to be prevented and in particular a longest possible lifetime of the entire system is ensured.
    This object is achieved in accordance with the invention in that a coupling unit is provided for the alternative connection of the first energy store or the second energy store to the load connection, and a control unit that drives the coupling unit is provided, which is set up to query in particular electrical parameters of the first energy store and the second energy store.
    According to the invention, it can be provided that the control unit is set up to interrogate the voltage, the current, the state of charge and / or other parameters, in particular the temperature or alarm signals of the first energy store and / or the second energy store.
    The control unit makes it possible to determine the charge states of the connected energy storage devices and, based on this, to select which of the energy storage devices is to be used to supply the load. For this purpose, the control device can be connected to a corresponding battery management system of the energy storage, which provides numerous parameters of the energy storage, or directly measure the current and voltage of the energy storage.
    The coupling unit is controlled by the control unit and allows the connection of the load with the respective energy storage. The intelligent control of the coupling unit makes it possible for the first time to control the energy stores used in such a way that the longest possible lifetime of the overall system is achieved.
    To interrogate the voltage, current, state of charge and / or other parameters of the first energy store and the second energy store, signal lines may be provided for voltage measurement, current measurement and / or interrogation of a battery management system. In particular, such a battery management system may include signal outputs for indicating the state of charge and the presence of deep discharge and other parameters of the energy storage.
    The load connection of the device may be designed to connect a DC-DC converter, an inverter or another external power unit, which may also be controllable by the control unit via a signal line in order to also centrally adjust the power output.
    The coupling unit may comprise at least a first power switch for driving the first energy store, at least a second power switch for driving the second energy store, and at least one third power switch for driving a protection circuit, wherein the power switches are connected to the control unit via signal lines with switching outputs.
    The power switches may be implemented as relays or as power transistors, in particular MOSFETs.
    The protection circuit may be implemented as a diode circuit to produce the desired voltage drop. The diode circuit may have a plurality of series-connected diodes connected in series through a power switch to the respective energy storage devices. This allows a reduction of the equalizing currents between the different connected energy stores.
    The invention further extends to a battery system for storing electrical energy comprising a device according to the invention and at least one first electrochemical energy store and at least one second electrochemical energy store.
    In particular, the first electrochemical energy store may comprise a low cycle life battery such as a lead acid battery, and the second electrochemical energy store may comprise a high cycle life battery such as a lithium ion battery. As a result, the control unit primely charges and discharges the longer cycle life of the batteries, while conserving the lower cycle life of the batteries and using them only when needed.
    The control unit can provide information about the energy stores used, in particular their nominal capacity, deep discharge capacity, maintenance cycles and / or other parameters in an internal memory.
    The invention further extends to a method for controlling a battery system according to the invention, wherein, when the load is connected, the second energy store, which has a longer cycle life, is discharged until the charge of the second energy store falls below a critical value, then through the coupling unit to the first one Energy storage, which has a lower cycle life, switched and this is discharged until the charge of the first energy storage falls below a critical value; continuously monitoring the voltage across the energy storage devices and the discharge current, and optionally other parameters such as the temperature, and optionally activating a charging cycle.
    According to the invention, the second energy store is primarily charged in a charging cycle, except in the case of an active maintenance cycle of one of the energy stores.
    The critical values of the energy stores can be taken from an internal memory of the control unit in the method according to the invention, depending on the type of energy store.
    The undershooting of the critical values can be detected in the inventive method by a battery management system on the energy storage itself and signaled to the control unit.
    In the method according to the invention, it can be ensured that the energy storages are not deeply discharged. Deep discharge can be reported to the control unit via a signal line in the case of an intelligent energy store (for example, a lithium-ion cell with integrated battery management system). In a conventional energy storage, total discharge can be detected by the control unit via voltage and charge balance calculation.
    According to the invention, the energy storage is never taken more than their nominal capacity. The respective values of voltage and state of charge, at which there is a deep discharge, are dependent on the respective energy store and the specifications of the manufacturer and stored in the control unit.
    The control unit in the method according to the invention ensures that energy storages with lower cycle life (for example lead-acid batteries) are discharged only when the energy storages having higher cycle life (for example lithium-ion batteries) have already been discharged.
    In the method according to the invention, the coupling unit ensures that only limited compensation currents flow when switching from one energy store to another. This is ensured by intelligently controlling the coupling unit, which consists for example of diodes and circuit breakers such as relays or MOSFETs.
    With an active maintenance cycle program, it can be provided that the energy storages are completely charged.
    The control unit can automatically activate such charge cycles in which the selected energy store is fully charged as a function of the maintenance cycles that are used for the energy stores used and in dependence on the charge states measured with the respective energy stores. In this cycle, no or only a limited amount of energy may be taken from the overall system. A maintenance cycle will provide a full charge to 100% of the respective energy storage if it does not reach full charge within the programmed period in normal operation and will become inactive once the respective energy storage is fully charged. For example, for some lead-acid batteries, the 14-day interval may be used to prevent damage from sulfation. The interval depends on the specifications of the manufacturer for the respective energy storage. In the maintenance cycle, the rule of favoring energy storage with higher cycle life is neglected.
    According to the invention, it may further be provided that in order to reduce equalizing currents when switching between the energy stores, first a diode circuit is connected in series with the energy stores.
    It may further be provided that the control unit cooperates with and is controlled by other devices, in particular computer systems and networks.
    Furthermore, it can be provided in the method according to the invention that the energy storages comply with a minimum state of charge as a function of seasonal fluctuations by limiting the discharge.
    Other features of the invention will become apparent from the description of the figures, the claims and the drawings.
    The invention will be explained in more detail below with reference to exemplary embodiments
    1 shows a schematic block diagram of a device according to the invention;
    2 shows a schematic flow diagram of a method according to the invention for controlling a battery system.
    1 shows a schematic block diagram of a device according to the invention for controlling electrochemical energy stores. This includes connections for a first electrochemical energy storage device 1, a second electrochemical energy storage device 2 and a load connection 3. Neither the energy storage devices themselves nor the load are part of the device.
    The device further comprises a coupling unit 4 for connecting the first electrochemical energy store 1 or the second electrochemical energy store 2 to the load terminal 3. The coupling unit 4 for this purpose comprises a first relay 9, a second relay 10 and a third relay 11. The first relay 9 switches the positive pole The third relay 11 switches the positive terminal of the second energy storage 2 to the diode circuit 12. The third relay 10 switches a bypass line of the diode circuit 12, whereby the positive terminal of the load terminal 3 directly to the positive pole of the first or second energy storage is connectable. The protection circuit in the form of the diode circuit 12 comprises two diode branches connected in antiparallel, and serves to reduce or avoid compensating currents when switching between the first and second energy store.
    To reduce the equalizing currents, the diodes used in the diode circuit 12 reduce the differential voltage when connecting the energy storage by the voltage drop across the diodes.
    If energy storage 1 is in operation, then the relays 9 and 10 are actuated and relay 11 de-energized. When switching to energy storage 2, the supply of the load should not be interrupted. For this purpose, relay 10 is deactivated and relay 11 is activated. As a result, the two energy stores 1, 2 are connected in short term via the diode circuit 12, and equalizing currents flow, which, however, are damped by the diode voltages. After the equalizing currents have decayed relay 9 can be deactivated. Short term in-series switching of diodes to the lower voltage battery limits the equalizing current.
    In the opposite case, when switching from energy storage 2 to energy storage 1, relay 10 is also initially deactivated and then relay 9 is activated to connect the two energy storage devices 1, 2. Only after the equalizing current has died away is relay 11 deactivated and relay 10 activated.
    In the present embodiment, the first electrochemical energy storage 1 is a low-cycle-life lead-acid battery, and the second electrochemical energy storage 2 is a long-life lithium-ion battery.
    The device further comprises a control unit 5. The three relays 9, 10, 11 are connected via correspondingly executed signal lines 6 with control outputs of the control unit 5. The control unit 5 is further supplied via signal lines 6 on the current voltage value and current value of the batteries, wherein the current value via a shunt resistor 13 is removed. The second electrochemical energy store 2 has its own battery management system 7, which is connected to the control unit via a signal line 6 and serves to indicate a deep discharge and other parameters such as voltage, temperature, or state of charge of the battery.
    At the load terminal 3, an external DC-DC converter 8 is connected, which converts the DC voltage supplied by the batteries 1,2 to the desired value. The DC-DC converter 8 is also connected to the control unit 5 via a signal line 6 and is controlled by this.
    The control unit 5 has a signal filter 14 and an A / D converter for receiving the current and voltage values of the first electrochemical energy storage device 1. Further, a CAN transceiver 15, a real time clock 16, a reference voltage source 17 and a level converter 18 are provided. All functions of the control unit 5 are controlled by a CPU 19.
    The CPU 19 also includes values of the total discharge and required maintenance cycles for conventional electrochemical energy stores which are stored in the control unit 5 according to the selected components.
    The coupling unit 4, together with the control unit 5, forms a device for controlling electrochemical energy stores, which can be used independently of the energy stores used. Together with the energy stores 1, 2, a battery system 21 is formed, which is directly connected to the load or, for a transformation of the voltage, connected to an external DC-DC converter 8 as in the present embodiment.
    Fig. 2 shows a schematic flow diagram for the control of a battery system. First, it is checked in which state the system is located. If a load is connected, then the lithium-ion battery is first discharged, since this has a higher cycle stability.
    Only when it is determined in comparison with stored deep discharge thresholds, that the lithium-ion battery is almost discharged, is switched to the lead-acid battery and discharged. Likewise, the state of charge of the lead-acid battery is monitored and the supply of the load is terminated when the lead-acid battery is almost discharged. The respective deep discharge threshold is different for each battery and stored in the system.
    When no load is connected, the system is idle. However, it is continuously checked whether the lead-acid battery or the lithium-ion battery has to be loaded and, if necessary, corresponding charging cycles are performed.
    The invention is not limited to the illustrated embodiments, but includes all devices and systems within the scope of the following claims.
    List of Reference Numerals: 1 First electrochemical energy store 2 Second electrochemical energy store 3 Load connection 4 Coupling unit 5 Control unit 6 Signal line 7 Battery management system 8 DC-DC converter 9 First relay 10 Second relay 11 Third relay 12 Diode circuit 13 Shunt resistor 14 Signal filter 15 CAN transceiver 16 Real time clock 17 Reference voltage 18 level converter
    19 CPU 20 Display 21 Battery system
    权利要求:
    Claims (16)
    [1]
    1. Device for controlling electrochemical energy storage, comprising connections for at least a first electrochemical energy store (1), connections for at least a second electrochemical energy store (2), and at least one load terminal (3), characterized in that a coupling unit (4) for alternative Connection of the first energy store (1) or the second energy store (2) with the load terminal (3) is provided, and a control unit (5) driving the coupling unit (4) is provided for interrogating in particular electrical parameters of the first energy store (1) and the second energy store (2) is set up.
    [2]
    2. Device according to claim 1, characterized in that the control unit (5) is arranged to query the voltage, the current, the state of charge and / or other parameters of the first energy store (1) and / or the second energy store (2).
    [3]
    3. Apparatus according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that for querying the voltage, the current, the state of charge and / or other parameters of the first energy store (1) and the second energy store (2) signal lines (6) for voltage measurement, current measurement and / or Queryein Batteriemanagementsystems (7) are provided.
    [4]
    4. Device according to one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that the load terminal (3) is adapted for connection of a DC-DC converter (8) or an inverter which is controllable by the control unit (5) via a signal line (6).
    [5]
    5. Device according to one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that the coupling unit (4) at least a first power switch for driving the first energy store (1), at least a second power switch for driving the second energy store (2), and at least a third power switch for driving a protection circuit , For example, a diode circuit (12), wherein the power switches are connected via signal lines (6) with switching outputs on the control unit (5).
    [6]
    6. The device according to claim 5, characterized in that the protective circuit is designed in the form of a diode circuit (12) which generates a predetermined voltage drop between the first energy store (1) and the second energy store (2) when switching between the energy stores (1,2).
    [7]
    7. Apparatus according to claim 5 or 6, characterized in that the first, second and / or third power switch is designed as a relay or as a power transistor, in particular as a MOSFET.
    [8]
    8. Battery system (21) for storing electrical energy comprising a device according to one of claims 1 to 7 and at least one first electrochemical energy store (1) and at least one second electrochemical energy store (2).
    [9]
    9. battery system (21) according to claim 8, characterized in that the first electrochemical energy store (1) comprises a battery with low cycle life, such as a lead-acid battery, and the second electrochemical energy store (2) a battery with high cycle Life span, for example, includes a lithium-ion battery.
    [10]
    10. Battery system (21) according to claim 8 or 9, characterized in that the control unit (5) holds information about the energy storage (1,2) used, in particular their nominal capacity, deep discharge capacity, maintenance cycles and / or other parameters in an internal memory.
    [11]
    11. A method for controlling a battery system (21) according to any one of claims 8 to 10, characterized in that when the load i) initially the second energy storage device (2) is discharged until the charge of the second energy storage device (2) falls below a critical value; ii) is then switched by the coupling unit (4) on the first energy storage (1) and this is discharged until the charge of the first energy storage (1) falls below a critical value; iii) continuously monitoring the voltage across the energy storage means (1,2), the discharge current and / or other parameters and, if necessary, activating a charging cycle.
    [12]
    A method according to claim 11, characterized in that in a charging cycle, primarily the second energy store (2) is charged, except in the case of an active maintenance cycle.
    [13]
    Method according to claim 11 or 12, characterized in that the critical values of the energy stores (1, 2) are taken from an internal memory of the control unit (5), depending on the type of energy store.
    [14]
    14. The method according to any one of claims 11 to 13, characterized in that the falling below the critical value is detected by a battery management system (7) on the energy storage itself and signaled to the control unit.
    [15]
    15. The method according to any one of claims 11 to 14, characterized in that the control unit automatically activates charging cycles for selected energy storage in response to the stored for the energy storage (1,2) maintenance cycles and depending on the charge levels measured at the respective energy stores charging cycles, in which the selected energy storage full is charged.
    [16]
    16. The method according to any one of claims 11 to 15, characterized in that for the reduction of balancing currents when Umschaiten between the energy storage initially a protection circuit, such as a diode circuit (12) in series with the energy storage (1,2) is switched.
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    同族专利:
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    引用文献:
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    US20040201365A1|2001-04-05|2004-10-14|Electrovaya Inc.|Energy storage device for loads having variable power rates|
    EP2254218A2|2009-05-04|2010-11-24|Paade Gmbh|Device and method for charging batteries|
    WO2013058568A1|2011-10-18|2013-04-25|주식회사 제이에스영테크|Hybrid battery system for an electric vehicle|
    CN203071610U|2012-12-29|2013-07-17|中国移动通信集团安徽有限公司|Control apparatus for base station stand-by power supply|
    US11108094B2|2016-04-14|2021-08-31|Siemens Aktiengesellschaft|Method and device for using an electrochemical energy store so as to optimize the service life|
    法律状态:
    优先权:
    申请号 | 申请日 | 专利标题
    ATA836/2013A|AT515034B1|2013-10-31|2013-10-31|Device for controlling electrical energy storage|ATA836/2013A| AT515034B1|2013-10-31|2013-10-31|Device for controlling electrical energy storage|
    DE201420008428| DE202014008428U1|2013-10-31|2014-10-23|Device for controlling electrical energy storage|
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